LU 3 | Additional Resources

Resource 1

article https://neurosciencenews.com/attention-brain-waves-15290/

The study found that when subjects learned to suppress alpha waves in one hemisphere of their parietal cortex, they were able to pay better attention to objects that appeared on the opposite side of their visual field. This is the first time that this cause and effect relationship has been seen, and it suggests that it may be possible for people to learn to improve their attention through neuro-feedback. When fixating on a point, each eye sees both visual fields but sends information about the right visual field only to the right hemisphere. This crossover and split us the result of the manner in which the nerve fibres leading from the retina divide at the back of each eye. The visual areas of the left and right hemisphere normally communicate through the corpus callosum. If the callosum is cut and the eye and head are kept from moving, each hemisphere can see only half of the visual world. There is a lot of interest in using neuro-feedback to try to help people with various brain disorders and behavioral problems. It is completely noninvasive way of controlling and testing the role of different types of brain activity. Brain imaging has been a breakthrough technology for cognitive neuroscience, building on decades of cognitive psychology, behavioral conditioning, psychophysics, and brain science. Brain injuries are extremely imprecise, and to locate the damage, neurologists often had to rely on postmortem of patients brains as in the case of Broca’s and Wernicke’s patients. Postmortem examinations do not necessarily reflect the injury at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, left hemisphere is a specializes in language functions and the right hemisphere is non-language function but enables patient to identify objects by touching, feeling, pointing and constructing. If the two hemispheres of the brain are separated by severing the corpus callusom the transfer of information between the hemispheres ceases. Splitting the brain by severing the corpus callusom shows that the mind will also be split or it call as hemispheric specializations. The coexistence of two functionally different brains can be demonstrated in the same person. From Sperry’s research, we understand more about Brain Collateral as understand why a stroke patients who is affected in the left brain will be paralyzed on the right side of the body. There are billions of neurons in the brain, and their combined electrical signals generate oscillations known as brain waves. Alpha waves, which oscillate in the frequency of 8 to 12 hertz, are believed to play a role in filtering out distracting sensory information. However, correlation is not causality, and synchronization may be a byproduct of attention rather than a cause. To test for a causal role of alpha synchrony in attention, we used MEG neuro-feedback to train subjects to manipulate the ratio of alpha power over the left versus right parietal cortex. The alpha training led to corresponding asymmetrical changes in visually evoked responses to probes presented in the two hemifields during training. Thus, reduced alpha was associated with enhanced sensory processing. Testing after training showed a persistent bias in attention in the expected directions.

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Resource 2

video https://youtu.be/VQjuDqc7YdQ

Neuroscience is the empirical study of the brain and the nervous system of the brain analyze how environmental and genetic factors may influence those functions they dedicate their study to music or memory. Therefore, it is clear that neuroscience can help to understand how we learn neuroscience aims to clear up neuro mates and to improve learning through evidence. Among urban children, shared reading at age 1 years was associated with greater vocabulary at age 3 years. Although children with sensitizing alleles on the dopamine receptor 2 and serotonin transporter genes were at greater risk when not read to, they fared as well as children without these alleles when shared reading occurred. Other than that, it is quite and oversimplification of a scientific fact it has indeed been found that some ares of the frame are specialized I certain skills however vigorous neuroscience research found that people are not necessarily dominantly left or right brain users. The right putamen, a brain area linked to reward, motivation, and feelings of pleasure, is smaller in children with a genetic risk factor for depression. Previous studies implicated reduced putamen volume with anhedonia, which is often associated with depression, suicidal behaviors, and psychosis. Depression is a common and debilitating mental health condition that typically arises during adolescence. While the causes of depression are complex, having a parent with depression is one of the biggest known risk factors. Naturally, it becomes clear that well we know about the brain influences children’s lives even if these are based on misunderstandings of evidence. Studies have consistently shown that adolescent children of parents with depression are two to three times more likely to develop depression than those with no parental history of depression. However, the brain mechanisms that underlie this familial risk are unclear. Neuropsychologist, interested in nature of the learning process and intelligence. In a normal brain, stimuli entering one hemisphere is rapidly communicated by way of the corpus callosum to the other hemisphere, so the brain functions as a unit. Furthermore, neuroscience has found that it is better to speak of sensitive periods because the brain is plastic it can learn throughout our life. As a result of advancement in brain imaging and mapping, we now have ways to study the brain structure and most important for cognitive neuroscience is the functional activity of the brain. Actually, memories does not stored in just one part of the brain. Different types are stored across different interconnected brain regions. However, it is true that the brain is more sensitive to pronunciation and grammar when we are young. Ingvar was referring to one of the most important functions of advanced organisms, making plans and then following the plans to guide behavior. The transition from mostly reactive to mostly proactive behavior is among the central themes of the evolution of the nervous system. We are able to form goals, our visions of the future. Besides, it is very important to learn how to educate better, however, educational neuroscience needs teachers.